Decarbonization of refining, petrochemical and power industry are an important element in achieving net zero objective in the energy industry. To achieve this target, CO2 capture is recognized as an emission reduction tool following energy efficiency and replacement of the sources with renewable energies. A large literature is available on the CO2 capture technologies available on the market and their advantages. However, many questions remain beyond the general focus, such as the CO2 removal efficiency, sometimes presented through the CO2 avoided, and the energy efficiency of these technologies. Indeed, the CO2 product specification driven by the transportation introduces technical challenges for the CO2 capture.
TotalEnergies has conducted several studies to implement CO2 capture in its existing assets such as refineries (e.g. on FCC plants) and CCGT power plants. This paper will present the technical challenges and solutions evaluated to achieve the CO2 product specifications, considering the composition of each flue gas in terms of components such as NOx, SOx, particles, etc. This paper will also consider some challenges imposed by a brownfield project such as the constraints of layout for the integration of CO2 capture solutions in existing units. Finally, waste disposal from the CO2 capture unit or from flue gas pre-treatment will be discussed.
As brownfield projects are specific to each plant, this paper will not present a universal turn-key configuration but aims to share recommendations and outline open questions for the implementation of CO2 capture technologies to existing plants.
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